2018 Alcoholism Statistics You Need to Know

Alcohol Use in the United states of america

Epitome

• Prevalence of Drinking: According to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Employ and Wellness (NSDUH), 85.6 percent of people ages 18 and older reported that they drank booze at some point in their lifetime,^ane 69.five percent reported that they drank in the past year,^two and 54.9 percent (59.i percent of men in this age group and 51.0 percent of women in this historic period group³) reported that they drank in the past month. ^three

• Prevalence of Binge Drinking and Heavy Booze Use:In 2019, 25.8 percent of people ages 18 and older (29.7 percent of men in this historic period group and 22.2 percentage of women in this age group⁴) reported that they engaged in rampage drinking in the past month,⁴ and half dozen.3 percent (8.3 percent of men in this historic period group and 4.5 percent of women in this age group⁵) reported that they engaged in heavy booze employ in the past month.^five (Come across glossary for definitions of binge drinking and heavy booze use.)

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• Emerging Trend—Loftier-Intensity Drinking: High-intensity drinking is defined as consuming alcohol at levels that are two or more times the gender-specific rampage drinking thresholds (See glossary for boosted details about the definition of high-intensity drinking). Compared with people who did not binge drink, people who drank alcohol at twice the gender-specific binge drinking thresholds were 70 times more probable to have an alcohol-related emergency department (ED) visit, and those who consumed booze at 3 times the gender-specific rampage thresholds were 93 times more likely to have an booze-related ED visit.^six

Alcohol Employ Disorder (AUD) in the United States

Prototype

• People Ages 12 and Older: According to the 2019 NSDUH, 14.five million (nearly xv million) people ages 12 and older⁷ (5.3 pct of this historic period group⁸) had AUD. This number includes 9.0 million men^seven (half dozen.8 percent of men in this age group⁸) and five.5 1000000 women⁷ (iii.9 percent of women in this age group^viii)

• Youth Ages 12 to 17: According to the 2019 NSDUH, an estimated 414,000 adolescents ages 12 to 17^vii (ane.7 per centum of this age grouping⁸) had AUD. This number includes 163,000 males^vii (1.3 percent of males in this age group^eight) and 251,000 females^vii (2.1 percent of females in this age group^viii).

Treatment of AUD in the United States

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• Co-ordinate to the 2019 NSDUH, near 7.2 per centum of people ages 12 and older who had AUD in the by year received any treatment in the by year. This includes well-nigh 6.nine pct of males and 7.8 percent of females with by-year AUD in this age grouping.⁹Co-ordinate to the 2019 NSDUH, about 6.iv percent of adolescents ages 12 to 17 who had AUD in the by year received whatever handling in the by year. This includes well-nigh 6.4 percent of males and 6.4 percent of females with by-year AUD in this age group.⁹

• Co-ordinate to the 2019 NSDUH, near vii.3 percentage of adults ages 18 and older who had AUD in the past year received any treatment in the past year. This includes about half-dozen.9 percent of males and 7.9 pct of females with by-year AUD in this age grouping.⁹

• Less than 4 percent of people with AUD were prescribed a medication canonical past the U.S. Food and Drug Assistants (FDA) to treat their disorder.¹⁰

• People with AUD were more likely to seek care from a chief care physician for an booze-related medical problem, rather than specifically for drinking also much alcohol.^11,12

Alcohol-Related Emergencies and Deaths in the United States

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• The rate of all alcohol-related ED visits increased 47 percent between 2006 and 2014, which translates to an average annual increase of 210,000 alcohol-related ED visits.^thirteen

• Alcohol contributes to about 18.5 per centum of ED visits and 22.one percent of overdose deaths related to prescription opioids.^fourteen

• An estimated 95,000 people (approximately 68,000 men and 27,000 women) die from alcohol-related causes annually,¹⁵ making alcohol the tertiary-leading preventable crusade of death in the United States. The showtime is tobacco, and the 2nd is poor diet and physical inactivity.¹⁶

• Between 2011 and 2015, the leading causes of alcohol-attributable deaths due to chronic weather in the United States were alcohol-associated liver disease, center disease and stroke, unspecified liver cirrhosis, upper aerodigestive tract cancers, liver cancer, supraventricular cardiac dysrhythmia, AUD, breast cancer, and hypertension.¹⁵

• In 2019, alcohol-impaired driving fatalities accounted for 10,142 deaths (28.0 percent of overall driving fatalities).¹⁷

Economical Burden in the Us

Paradigm

• In 2010, booze misuse cost the United States $249.0 billion.¹⁸

• Three-quarters of the full cost of alcohol misuse is related to binge drinking.^xviii

Global Brunt

• In 2016, 3 million deaths, or 5.iii pct of all global deaths (vii.7 percent for men and 2.6 percent for women), were owing to alcohol consumption. ¹⁹

• Globally, booze misuse was the seventh-leading risk gene for premature expiry and disability in 2016.²⁰

• Co-ordinate to a 2014 Globe Health Organization (WHO) study, amidst people ages 15 to 49, booze misuse was the offset-leading risk factor for premature death and disability.²⁰

• In 2016, approximately 14 percent of full deaths amidst people ages 20 to 39 are alcohol owing.²¹

• In 2016, five.3 percent of the brunt of disease and injury worldwide (134 million disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs]) was owing to alcohol consumption.¹⁹

• In 2018, WHO reported that alcohol contributed to more than than 200 diseases and injury-related health conditions, ranging from liver diseases, road injuries, and violence, to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, suicides, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS.²²

• In 2016, of all deaths attributable to booze consumption worldwide, 28.7 percent were due to injuries, 21.iii pct were due to digestive diseases (primarily cirrhosis of the liver and pancreatitis), 19 percent were due to cardiovascular diseases, 12.9 percent were due to infectious diseases (including tuberculosis, pneumonia, and HIV/AIDS), and 12.6 pct were due to cancers (most prominently those of the upper aerodigestive tract.)²¹
  

Consequences for Families in the United States

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• Approximately 10.5 pct (vii.5 million) of U.S. children ages 17 and younger live with a parent with AUD, according to a 2017 written report.²³

Underage Drinking in the United States

• Prevalence of Underage Alcohol Utilize

  • Prevalence of Drinking: According to the 2019 NSDUH, 39.7 percent of 12- to 20-year-olds reported that they have had at least 1 drinkable in their lives.²⁵ About 7.0 million people ages 12 to 20²⁴ (18.v percent of this historic period group²⁵) reported drinking alcohol in the by month (17.two pct of males and 19.9 percent of females²⁵).

  • Prevalence of Binge Drinking: According to the 2019 NSDUH, approximately 4.2 million people ages 12 to 20²⁴ reported binge drinking in the past calendar month. This represents 11.1 percent of people in this age grouping (x.iv percent of males ages 12 to 20 and 11.8 percentage of females ages 12 to 20²⁵).

  • Prevalence of Heavy Alcohol Use: According to the 2019 NSDUH, approximately 825,000 people ages 12 to 20²⁴ reported heavy alcohol use in the past month. This represents 2.2 percent of this age group²⁵ (2.ane percentage of males ages 12 to twenty and 2.3 per centum of females ages 12 to xx²⁵).

• Trend in Underage Alcohol Utilize

  • NSDUH findings have demonstrated a decline in underage drinking. From 2002 to 2019, the prevalence of past-xxx-day alcohol use decreased 41.1 percent for 16- to 17-year-olds, 54.vii percentage for 14- to 15-year-olds, and 61.9 per centum for 12- to xiii-year-olds.²⁶

• Consequences of Underage Alcohol Utilize

  • Research indicates that alcohol use during the teenage years can interfere with normal adolescent brain evolution and increase the risk of developing AUD. In addition, underage drinking contributes to a range of acute consequences, such as injuries, sexual assaults, booze overdoses, and deaths—including those from motor vehicle crashes.²⁷

  • Alcohol is a cistron in the deaths of thousands of people younger than age 21 in the United states each year. This includes:

    • 1,092 from motor vehicle crashes²⁸

    • 1,000 from homicides²⁹

    • 208 from booze overdose, falls, burns, and drowning²⁹

    • 596 from suicides²⁹
      

Booze and Young Adults Ages 18 to 22

• Prevalence of Alcohol Use

  • Prevalence of Drinking: According to the 2019 NSDUH, 47.1 pct of adults ages 18 to 22 drank alcohol in the by month. Within this historic period group, 52.5 pct of full-time college students ages 18 to 22 and 44.0 percent of other persons of the same age drank alcohol in the by calendar month.³⁰

  • Prevalence of Binge Drinking: According to the 2019 NSDUH, 29.6 percentage of adults ages 18 to 22 reported binge drinking in the past month. Within this age group, 33.0 percent of full-fourth dimension college students ages xviii to 22 and 27.7 pct of other persons of the same historic period reported binge drinking in the past month.^xxx

  • Prevalence of Heavy Alcohol Use: According to the 2019 NSDUH, vii.0 percent of adults ages 8.2 percent of full-time college students ages 18 to 22 and 6.4 percentage of other persons of the same age reported heavy alcohol utilise in the past month.^thirty

• Consequences of Alcohol Use

  • Alcohol is a factor in the deaths of thousands of people ages 18 to 22 every yr in the U.s.a.. The most recent NIAAA statistics judge that this includes one,519 college students ages 18 to 24 who die from alcohol-related unintentional injuries, including motor vehicle crashes.³¹

  • According to the 2019 NSDUH, eight.1 percent of adults ages 18 to 22 met the criteria for past-yr AUD. Within this age group, 8.seven pct of total-time college students ages 18 to 22 and 7.7 percent of other persons the same historic period met the criteria for AUD.³²

  • Although estimating the number of alcohol-related sexual assaults is exceptionally challenging—since sexual assault is typically underreported—researchers take confirmed a long-continuing finding that 1 in 5 college women feel sexual attack during their time in college.³³ A bulk of sexual assaults in college involve alcohol or other substances.^34,35 Research continues in order to meliorate understand the relationships betwixt alcohol and sexual attack amongst higher students. Additional national survey data are needed to ameliorate estimate the number of alcohol-related assaults.

Alcohol and Pregnancy in the U.s.a.

• According to the 2019 NSDUH, nine.5 percent of meaning women ages fifteen to 44 in the United states of america used alcohol in the past month.³⁶

• The prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in the United States was estimated past the Institute of Medicine in 1996 to be between 0.5 and 3.0 cases per 1,000.³⁷

• An NIAAA-supported report of more half dozen,000 kickoff graders across four U.S. communities estimated that as many as one–5 percentage of first-course children have fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).³⁸

Alcohol and the Human Body

• In 2019, of the 85,688 liver disease deaths among individuals ages 12 and older, 43.ane pct involved booze. Among males, 53,486 liver disease deaths occurred, and 45.half-dozen percent involved booze. Among females, 32,202 liver illness deaths occurred, and 39.0 pct involved alcohol.³⁹

• Among all cirrhosis deaths in 2015, 49.5 percentage were alcohol related. The proportion of booze- related cirrhosis deaths was highest (76.eight percent) among persons ages 25 to 34, followed past persons ages 35 to 44, at 72.7 percent.^xl

• From 2010 to 2016, booze-related liver disease was the primary cause of almost 1 in three liver transplants in the United States, replacing hepatitis C virus infection equally the leading cause of liver transplantation due to chronic liver disease.^41,42

• Research has shown that people who misuse booze take a greater hazard of liver disease,⁴³ heart illness, depression, stroke, and stomach haemorrhage, as well as cancers of the oral cavity, esophagus, larynx, pharynx,^44,45 liver, colon, and rectum.⁴⁶ These individuals may also have issues managing conditions such equally diabetes, high blood pressure, pain, and slumber disorders. They may increase their likelihood of unsafe sexual behavior.

• Alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of drowning⁴⁷ and injuries from violence,^48,49 falls,⁴⁹ and motor vehicle crashes.^49,l Booze consumption is also associated with an increased risk of female person chest cancer,^46,51 oropharyngeal cancer,^46,51 esophageal cancer (particularly in individuals who inherit a deficiency in an enzyme involved in booze metabolism),^41,46,52 and harmful medication interactions.^53,54,55,56Alcohol consumption has been linked to risk for FASD in the offspring of women who eat alcohol during pregnancy.⁵⁷

Glossary

Booze-impaired driving fatality: A fatality in a crash involving a driver or motorcycle passenger (operator) with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08 1000/dL or more (*A BAC of 0.08 percent corresponds to 0.08 grams per deciliter, or 0.08 grams per 100 milliliters).

Booze misuse: Drinking in a manner, situation, amount, or frequency that could cause damage to users or to those effectually them. For individuals younger than the legal drinking age of 21, or for meaning females, any alcohol apply constitutes alcohol misuse.

Alcohol use disorder: A chronic encephalon disorder marked past compulsive drinking, loss of control over alcohol apply, and negative emotions when not drinking. AUD tin can be mild, moderate, or severe. Recovery is possible regardless of severity. The DSM-Iv, published by the American Psychiatric Association, described 2 singled-out disorders—alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence—with specific criteria for each. The fifth edition, DSM-5, integrates the two DSM-IV disorders into a single disorder called AUD, with balmy, moderate, and astringent subclassifications.

Any treatment: Treatment received at any location, such as a hospital (inpatient), rehabilitation facility (inpatient or outpatient), mental health center, ED, private doctor's office, self-assistance group, or prison/jail.

Binge drinking:

• The National Institute on Booze Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines binge drinking as a blueprint of drinking that brings BAC levels to 0.08 thou/dL or higher. This typically occurs after a woman consumes four or more drinks or a man consumes 5 or more than drinks—in almost 2 hours.⁵⁸
• The Substance Abuse and Mental Wellness Services Administration (SAMHSA), which conducts the annual NSDUH, defines binge drinking equally consuming 5 or more than alcoholic drinks for males or 4 or more alcoholic drinks for females on the same occasion (i.e., at the same fourth dimension or inside a couple of hours of each other) on at to the lowest degree 1 solar day in the past month.⁵⁹
• The Monitoring the Hereafter (MTF) survey defines binge drinking equally having 5 or more drinks in a row in the by 2 weeks.^lx

Disability-adapted life-years: A measure of years of life lost or lived in less than total health.

Heavy alcohol use (or heavy drinking):

• NIAAA defines heavy drinking as follows:
  • For men, consuming more than iv drinks on whatsoever day or more than than fourteen drinks per calendar week
  • For women, consuming more than than 3 drinks on any twenty-four hour period or more than than vii drinks per week
• SAMHSA defines heavy alcohol use equally binge drinking on five or more days in the past month.

Loftier-intensity drinking:

• Consumption of two or more than times the gender-specific thresholds for binge drinking, which is to say 10 or more standard drinks (or alcoholic drink-equivalents) for males and 8 or more for females. High-intensity drinking is consistent with drinking at rampage levels II and III. The levels correspond to one to 2 times (I), two to 3 times (Two), and three or more than times (3) the standard gender-specific binge thresholds.6
• The MTF survey defines high-intensity drinking equally consuming 10 or more or 15 or more than drinks in a row in the past ii weeks.60

Patterns of drinking associated with AUD: Binge drinking and heavy alcohol utilize can increase an individual'south risk of AUD. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025, adults of legal drinking age tin cull not to drink or to drink in moderation by limiting intake to ii drinks or less in a day for men and i drink or less in a twenty-four hours for women, when alcohol is consumed. Drinking less is better for health than drinking more than. Some individuals should avert booze completely.

Underage drinking: Alcohol use by anyone under the age of 21. In the The states, the legal drinking age is 21.

For more than information, please visit: https://www.niaaa.nih.gov

¹ SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Utilize and Health. Table 2.17B – Alcohol Employ in Lifetime amid Persons Aged 12 or Older, past Historic period Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/information/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

ⁱⁱ SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Table 2.18B – Booze Apply in Past Year amongst Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

³ SAMHSA, Eye for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Wellness. Table 2.19B – Alcohol Apply in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, past Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

^four SAMHSA, Heart for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Wellness. Tabular array 2.20B – Binge Alcohol Use in By Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, past Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/information/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed Dec 8, 2020.

^five SAMHSA, Heart for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Table ii.21B – Heavy Booze Use in By Calendar month amongst Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

⁶ Hingson, R.Due west.; Zha, W.; and White, A.M. Drinking beyond the binge threshold: Predictors, consequences, and changes in the U.Southward. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 52(6):717–727, 2017. PMID: 28526355

^vii SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Utilise and Health. Table 5.4A – Alcohol Employ Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Historic period Grouping and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed Dec 8, 2020.

⁸ SAMHSA, Middle for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Wellness. Tabular array five.4B – Booze Utilize Disorder in Past Year amid Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed Dec 8, 2020.

⁹ Population prevalence estimates (%) are weighted past the person-level analysis weight and derived from the data set, defining "any treatment" as handling or counseling designed to help reduce or stop alcohol use, including detoxification and any other treatment for medical problems associated with alcohol utilise, as well equally defining AUD every bit alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence according to the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). SAMHSA, Eye for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH-2019-DS0001). Public data gear up. https://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov/study-dataset/national-survey-drug-utilise…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

¹⁰ Mark, T.50.; Kassed, C.A.; Vandivort-Warren, R.; et al. Alcohol and opioid dependence medications: Prescription trends, overall and by dr. specialty. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 99(1-3):345–349, 2009. PMID: 18819759

¹¹ Rehm, J.; Anderson, P.; Manthey, J.; et al. Alcohol utilize disorders in primary wellness care: What exercise we know and where exercise we go? Alcohol and Alcoholism 51(4):422–427, 2016. PMID: 26574600

¹² O'Connor, P.G.; Nyquist, J.1000.; and McLellan, A.T. Integrating addiction medicine into graduate medical teaching in master care: The fourth dimension has come up. Annals of Internal Medicine 154(1):56–59, 2011. PMID: 21200039

^xiii White, A.M.; Slater, 1000.Due east.; Ng, 1000.; et al. Trends in booze-related emergency department visits in the Us: Results from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2006 to 2014. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 42(2):352–359, 2018. PMID: 29293274

¹⁴ Jones, C.Thousand.; Paulozzi, 50.J.; and Mack, K.M. Alcohol involvement in opioid pain reliever and benzodiazepine drug abuse-related emergency section visits and drug—related deaths—United states of america, 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 63(40):881–885, 2014. PMID: 25299603

¹⁵ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Alcohol and Public Health: Alcohol-Related Disease Touch (ARDI). Annual Average for United states of america 2011–2015 Alcohol-Attributable Deaths Due to Excessive Alcohol Use, All Ages. Bachelor at: https://nccd.cdc.gov/DPH_ARDI/Default/Default.aspx. Accessed December 8, 2020. Methodology: According to CDC, due to scientific updates to ARDI, estimates of alcohol-owing deaths or years of potential life lost generated in the current version of ARDI should not be compared with estimates that were generated using the ARDI default reports or analyses in the ARDI Custom Information Portal prior to July thirty, 2020.

^sixteen Mokdad, A.H.; Marks, J.South.; Stroup, D.F.; and Gerberding, J.L. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 291(10):1238–1245, 2004. Erratum in JAMA 293(3):298, 2005. PMID: 15010446

¹⁷ National Center for Statistics and Assay, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Alcohol-dumb driving. In: Traffic Safety Facts: 2019 Data. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation, 2019. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813060. Accessed March 1, 2021.

^eighteen Sacks, J.J.; Gonzales, Grand.R.; Bouchery, Eastward.Due east.; et al. 2010 national and state costs of excessive booze consumption. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 49(5):e73–e79, 2015. PMID: 26477807

¹⁹ WHO. Alcohol: Fact sheet. 2018. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/particular/booze. Accessed Dec 8, 2020.

^xx GBD 2016 Booze Collaborators. Alcohol utilise and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: A systematic assay for the Global Burden of Affliction Study 2016. The Lancet 392(10152): 1015–1035, 2018. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(eighteen)3131…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

²¹ WHO. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, 2018, p. xv. Accessed December 8, 2020.

²² WHO. Global Status Report on Booze and Health 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, 2018, p. vii. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274603/9789241565639-east…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

²³ Lipari, R.N.; and Van Horn, S.L. The CBHSQ Report: Children Living With Parents Who Have a Substance Use Disorder. Rockville, Doctor: SAMHSA, Eye for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, August 24, 2017. https://world wide web.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_3223/ShortReport…. Accessed Dec viii, 2020.

²⁴ SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Utilise and Health. Table 2.32A – Alcohol Use in Lifetime, By Year, and By Month and Rampage and Heavy Booze Utilise in Past Calendar month among Persons Aged 12 to 20, past Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/information/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

²⁵ SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Tabular array two.32B – Booze Use in Lifetime, Past Yr, and Past Month and Binge and Heavy Alcohol Employ in Past Calendar month among Persons Aged 12 to xx, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://world wide web.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

²⁶ Methodology: Population prevalence estimates (%) are weighted by the person-level analysis weight and derived from Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2002 National Survey on Drug Utilize and Health Public Use File Codebook. Rockville, MD: Substance Corruption and Mental Health Services Administration, 2015; and Centre for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Wellness Public Use File Codebook. Rockville, Doc: Substance Corruption and Mental Wellness Services Assistants, 2020. Public use information fix. https://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov/study-dataset/national-survey-drug-use…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

²⁷ NIAAA. Underage drinking. 2020. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/UnderageDrinking/UnderageFact.h…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

²⁸ National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Fatality Analysis Reporting System. https://www.nhtsa.gov/FARS. Accessed May 21, 2021.

²⁹ CDC. Alcohol and Public Health: Alcohol-Related Disease Touch (ARDI) public-utilize information file. Atlanta, GA: CDC, 2018. https://nccd.cdc.gov/DPH_ARDI/Default/Study.aspx?T=AAM&P=1A04A664-0244…. Accessed Dec eight, 2020. Methodology: Co-ordinate to CDC, due to scientific updates to ARDI, estimates of alcohol-owing deaths or years of potential life lost generated in the current version of ARDI should not be compared with estimates that were generated using the ARDI default reports or analyses in the ARDI Custom Data Portal prior to July 30, 2020.

³⁰ SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Wellness Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Utilise and Health. Tabular array half dozen.21B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Booze Use in Past Month amid Persons Aged eighteen to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Gender: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://world wide web.samhsa.gov/information/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed December 8, 2020.

³¹ Methodology for arriving at estimates described in Hingson, R.; Zha, Due west.; and Smyth, D. Magnitude and trends in heavy episodic drinking, alcohol-impaired driving, and alcohol-related mortality and overdose hospitalizations among emerging adults of college ages 18–24 in the United States, 1998–2014. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 78(4):540–548, 2017. PMID: 28728636

³² SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Table 6.23B – Alcohol Employ Disorder in Past Year amongst Persons Anile 18 to 22, past Higher Enrollment Condition and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/information/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed December eight, 2020.

³³ Muehlenhard, C.; Peterson, Z.; Humphreys, T.; Jozkowski, K. Evaluating the one-in-five statistic: Women's chance of sexual assault while in college. The Journal of Sexual practice Research 54(iv-five):549-5756, 2017.PMID: 28375675

³⁴ Carey, M.B.; Durney, S.E.; Shepardson, R.L.; Carey, M.P. Incapacitated and forcible rape of college women: Prevalence across the get-go year. Journal of Adolescent Health 56(6)678-680, 2015. PMID: 26003585

³⁵ Lawyer, Due south.; Resnick, H.; Bakanic, V.; Burkitt, T.; Kilpatrick, D. Forcible, drug-facilitated, and incapacitated rape and sexual assault amongst undergraduate women. Journal of American College Health 58(5):453-460, 2010. PMID: 20304757

³⁶ SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Tabular array 6.17B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Production, and Alcohol Employ in Past Month amidst Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Percentages, 2018 and 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29394/NSDUHD…. Accessed December eight, 2020.

³⁷ Stratton, K.; Howe, C.; and Battaglia, F.; eds. Fetal Booze Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment. Washington, D.C.: Constitute of Medicine, The National Academies Printing, 1996.

³⁸ May, P.A.; Chambers, C.D.; Kalberg, West.O.; et al. Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in iv U.S. communities. JAMA 319(v):474–482, 2018. PMID: 29411031

³⁹ Estimated liver disease deaths include deaths with the underlying cause of death coded as alcoholic liver disease (K70), liver cirrhosis, unspecified (K74.0–K74.2, K74.half dozen, K76.0, K76.7, and K76.ix), chronic hepatitis (K73), portal hypertension (K76.vi), liver cancer (C22), or other liver diseases (K71, K72, K74.3–K74.five, K75, K76.1–K76.five, and K76.8). Number of deaths from Multiple Crusade of Death Public-Utilize Information File, 2019 (https://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd.html). Booze-attributable fractions (AAFs) from CDC Alcohol-Related Disease Bear upon (https://nccd.cdc.gov/DPH_ARDI/Default/Default.aspx, accessed January 4, 2021. Prevalence of alcohol consumption from the National Survey on Drug Use and Wellness, 2019, for estimating indirect AAFs for chronic hepatitis and liver cancer.

⁴⁰Yoon, Y.H.; and Chen, C.M. Surveillance Report #111: Liver Cirrhosis Bloodshed in the United States: National, Country, and Regional Trends, 2000–2015. Rockville, Dr.: NIAAA, Partition of Epidemiology and Prevention Inquiry, April 2018. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/surveillance111/Cirr15.pdf. Accessed December 8, 2020.

41 Lee, B.P.; Vittinghoff, E.; Dodge, J.50.; et al. National trends and long-term outcomes of liver transplant for alcohol-associated liver disease in the United States. JAMA Internal Medicine 2019 [epub ahead of print]. Accessed December 8, 2020. PMID: 30667468

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Source: https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/alcohol-facts-and-statistics

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